Chapter 8, Anatomy and Physiology, Mr. Mazzulli

Please Do Not Write on This Test.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Figure 8.1 Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
1)	Periosteum.	1) ______

2)

Articular cartilage.

2) ______

3)

Joint (synovial) cavity.

3) ______

4)

Synovial membrane.

4) ______

Figure 8.2 Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have? A. Nonaxial B. Uniaxial C. Biaxial D. Multiaxial
5)	________	5) ______

6)

________

6) ______

7)

________

7) ______

8)

________

8) ______

9)

________

9) ______

10)

________

10) ______

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
11)	Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.	11) ______

12)

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement.

12) ______

13)

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

13) ______

14)

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

14) ______

15)

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

15) ______

16)

Moving the arm in a full circle is an example of circumduction.

16) ______

17)

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

17) ______

18)

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

18) ______

19)

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.

19) ______

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
20)	A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.	20) ______

	A)  gomphosis
	B)  synchondrosis
	C)  syndesmosis
	D)  suture

21)

An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a ________.

21) ______

	A)  condyle
	B)  cartilaginous joint
	C)  suture
	D)  synovial joint

22)

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.

22) ______

	A)  gomphosis
	B)  suture
	C)  syndesmosis
	D)  symphysis

23)

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.

23) ______

	A)  ligaments
	B)  tendons
	C)  bursae
	D)  menisci

24)

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

24) ______

	A)  synovial joints
	B)  synarthroses
	C)  diarthroses
	D)  amphiarthroses

25)

Which of these joint types affords uniaxial movement?

25) ______

	A)  gliding
	B)  hinge
	C)  pivot
	D)  ball and socket

26)

________ are cartilaginous joints.

26) ______

	A)  Gomphoses
	B)  Sutures
	C)  Syndesmoses
	D)  Synchondroses

27)

The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ________ joint.

27) ______

	A)  condyloid
	B)  hinge
	C)  pivot
	D)  plane

28)

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.

28) ______

	A)  patellar ligaments
	B)  cruciate ligaments
	C)  anterior ligaments
	D)  tibial collateral ligaments

29)

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.

29) ______

	A)  flexion
	B)  hyperextension
	C)  circumduction
	D)  extension

30)

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

30) ______

	A)  All synovial joints are freely movable.
	B)  Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
	C)  In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
	D)  Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.

31)

A joint that is known as a suture is found ________.

31) ______

	A)  where functionally it is amphiarthrotic
	B)  in areas where bones have not yet closed
	C)  in areas most prone to fracture
	D)  in the skull only

32)

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

32) ______

	A)  pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
	B)  sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
	C)  symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular
	D)  hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal

33)

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

33) ______

	A)  synovial membranes
	B)  hyaline cartilage
	C)  tendon sheaths
	D)  fibrocartilage

34)

Menisci refer to ________.

34) ______

	A)  tendon sheaths
	B)  small sacs containing synovial fluid
	C)  cavities lined with cartilage
	D)  semilunar cartilage pads

35)

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is/are damaged as a result?

35) ______

	A)  arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate
	B)  suprapatellar
	C)  oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament
	D)  medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

36)

Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis?

36) ______

	A)  tendonitis
	B)  rheumatoid arthritis
	C)  osteoarthritis
	D)  bursitis

37)

Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by ________.

37) ______

	A)  excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints
	B)  a disorder in the body's immune system resulting in destruction of joints
	C)  a bacterial infection in the bursae
	D)  a thickening of the synovial membrane and a decrease in fluid production

38)

When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as ________.

38) ______

	A)  circumduction
	B)  protraction
	C)  plantar flexion
	D)  pronation

39)

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

39) ______

	A)  the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
	B)  the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly
	C)  lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
	D)  cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together

40)

Tendon sheaths ________.

40) ______

	A)  act as friction-reducing structures
	B)  help anchor the tendon to the muscle
	C)  form channels for tendons
	D)  are lined with dense irregular connective tissue