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AP BIO Ch 8 Chapter Exam

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
a.
catalysis
b.
metabolism
c.
anabolism
d.
dehydration
e.
catabolism
 

 2. 
Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?
a.
They do not depend on enzymes.
b.
They are highly regulated sequences of chemical reactions.
c.
They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
d.
They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.
e.
both B and C
 

 3. 
Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
a.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
b.
The entropy of the universe is decreasing.
c.
The entropy of the universe is constant.
d.
Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter.
e.
Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.
 

 4. 
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law?
a.
The energy content of an organism is constant.
b.
The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.
c.
The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity.
d.
Organisms are unable to transform energy.
e.
Life does not obey the first law of thermodynamics.
 

 5. 
Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?
a.
Living organisms do not obey the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy must increase with time.
b.
Life obeys the second law of thermodynamics because the decrease in entropy as the organism grows is balanced by an increase in the entropy of the universe.
c.
Living organisms do not follow the laws of thermodynamics.
d.
As a consequence of growing, organisms create more disorder in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth.
e.
Living organisms are able to transform energy into entropy.
 

 6. 
Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
a.
If the entropy of a system increases, there must be a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe.
b.
If there is an increase in the energy of a system, there must be a corresponding decrease in the energy of the rest of the universe.
c.
Every energy transfer requires activation energy from the environment.
d.
Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe.
e.
Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
 

 7. 
Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?
a.
dehydration reactions
b.
hydrolysis
c.
respiration
d.
digestion
e.
catabolism
 

 8. 
According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is incorrect?
a.
The synthesis of large molecules from small molecules is exergonic.
b.
Earth is an open system.
c.
Life exists at the expense of energy derived from its environment.
d.
A living cell can never function as a closed system.
e.
Every chemical reaction in a cell results in a loss of free energy.
 

 9. 
The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is: ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0100000.jpgG = ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0100001.jpgH - Tap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0100002.jpgS. Which of the following is (are) incorrect?
a.
ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0100003.jpgS is the change in entropy, a measure of randomness.
b.
ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0100004.jpgH is the change in enthalpy, the energy available to do work.
c.
ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0100005.jpgG is the change in free energy.
d.
T is the absolute temperature.
e.
both A and B
 

 10. 
What is the change in free energy of a system at chemical equilibrium?
a.
slightly increasing
b.
greatly increasing
c.
slightly decreasing
d.
greatly decreasing
e.
no net change
 

 11. 
Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?
a.
The products have more total energy than the reactants.
b.
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
c.
Some reactants will be converted to products.
d.
A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed.
e.
The reactions are nonspontaneous.
 

 12. 
When glucose monomers are joined together by glycosidic linkages to form a cellulose polymer, the changes in free energy, total energy, and entropy are as follows:
a.
+ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130000.jpgG, +ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130001.jpgH, +ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130002.jpgS
b.
+ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130003.jpgG, +ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130004.jpgH, -ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130005.jpgS
c.
+ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130006.jpgG, -ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130007.jpgH, -ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130008.jpgS
d.
-ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130009.jpgG, +ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130010.jpgH, +ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130011.jpgS
e.
-ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130012.jpgG, -ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130013.jpgH, -ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0130014.jpgS
 

 13. 
A chemical reaction that has a positive ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0140000.jpgG is correctly described as
a.
endergonic.
b.
endothermic.
c.
enthalpic.
d.
spontaneous.
e.
exothermic.
 

 14. 
Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?
a.
Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.
b.
It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
c.
Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that when hydrolyzed releases free energy.
d.
A and B only
e.
A, B and C
 

 15. 
The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (ATP + H2O ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0160000.jpg ADP + Pi )
a.
has a ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0160001.jpgG of about -7 kcal/mol under standard conditions.
b.
involves hydrolysis of a terminal phosphate bond of ATP.
c.
can occur spontaneously under appropriate conditions.
d.
Only A and B are correct.
e.
A, B, and C are correct.
 

 16. 
ATP generally energizes a cellular process by
a.
releasing heat upon hydrolysis.
b.
acting as a catalyst.
c.
coupling free energy released by ATP hydrolysis to free energy needed by other reactions.
d.
breaking a high-energy bond.
e.
binding directly to the substrate(s) of the enzyme.
 

 17. 
Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?
a.
an anabolic steroid
b.
a DNA helix
c.
RNA nucleotides
d.
an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached
e.
a phospholipid
 

 18. 
Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways?
a.
They combine molecules into more energy-rich molecules.
b.
They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP.
c.
They are endergonic.
d.
They are spontaneous and do not need enzyme catalysis.
e.
They build up complex molecules such as protein from simpler compounds.
 

 19. 
Which of the following statements is (are) true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
a.
The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.
b.
The free energy change of the reaction is the same as the reaction in the absence of the enzyme.
c.
The reaction always goes in the direction toward chemical equilibrium.
d.
A and B only
e.
A, B, and C
 

 20. 
How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
a.
Increase the activation energy needed.
b.
Cool the reactants.
c.
Decrease the concentration of the reactants.
d.
Add a catalyst.
e.
Increase the entropy of the reactants.
 

 21. 
Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. The hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase results in
a.
bringing glucose and fructose together to form sucrose.
b.
the release of water from sucrose as the bond between glucose and fructose is broken.
c.
breaking the bond between glucose and fructose and forming new bonds from the atoms of water.
d.
production of water from the sugar as bonds are broken between the glucose monomers.
e.
utilization of water as a covalent bond is formed between glucose and fructose to form sucrase.
 

 22. 
Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's
a.
entropy.
b.
activation energy.
c.
endothermic level.
d.
heat content.
e.
free-energy content.
 

 23. 
Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
a.
Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction.
b.
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.
c.
Enzymes change the direction of chemical reactions.
d.
Enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze.
e.
Enzymes prevent changes in substrate concentrations.
 

 24. 
Which of the following is not true of enzymes?
a.
Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the pH and temperature of the reaction environment.
b.
Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the three-dimensional structure or conformation of the enzyme.
c.
Enzymes provide activation energy for the reaction they catalyze.
d.
Enzymes are composed primarily of protein, but they may bind nonprotein cofactors.
e.
Enzyme activity can be inhibited if the enzyme's allosteric site is bound with a noncompetitive inhibitor.
 

 25. 
During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0260000.jpgG of -20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0260001.jpgG for the new reaction?
a.
-40 kcal/mol
b.
-20 kcal/mol
c.
0 kcal/mol
d.
+20 kcal/mol
e.
+40 kcal/mol
 

 26. 
The active site of an enzyme is the region that
a.
binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme.
b.
is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.
c.
binds the products of the catalytic reaction.
d.
is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor.
e.
both A and B
 

 27. 
According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, which of the following is CORRECT?
a.
The binding of the substrate depends on the shape of the active site.
b.
Some enzymes change their structure when activators bind to the enzyme.
c.
A competitive inhibitor can outcompete the substrate for the active site.
d.
The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site.
e.
The active site creates a microenvironment ideal for the reaction.
 
 
Refer to the figure below to answer the following questions.

ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0290000.jpg
 

 28. 
Which curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in hot springs at temperatures of 70°C or higher?
a.
curve 1
b.
curve 2
c.
curve 3
d.
curve 4
e.
curve 5
 

 29. 
Which curve was most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acid?
a.
curve 1
b.
curve 2
c.
curve 3
d.
curve 4
e.
curve 5
 

 30. 
What is a nonprotein "helper" of an enzyme molecule called?
a.
accessory enzyme
b.
allosteric group
c.
coenzyme
d.
functional group
e.
enzyme activator
 

 31. 
Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely functions as a(n)
a.
competitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
b.
noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
c.
allosteric activator of the enzyme.
d.
cofactor necessary for enzyme activity.
e.
coenzyme derived from a vitamin.
 

 32. 
Consider the following: Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. Which of the following is correct?
a.
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate.
b.
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate.
c.
Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product.
d.
Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor.
e.
Malonic acid is the product, and fumarate is a competitive inhibitor.
 
 
The following questions are based on the reaction A + B ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0350000.jpg C + D shown in the figure below.

ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0350001.jpg
 

 33. 
Which of the following terms best describes the reaction?
a.
endergonic
b.
exergonic
c.
anabolic
d.
allosteric
e.
nonspontaneous
 

 34. 
Which of the following represents the ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0370000.jpgG of the reaction?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
e
 

 35. 
Which of the following bests describes the reaction?
a.
negative ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0380000.jpgG, spontaneous
b.
positive ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0380001.jpgG, nonspontaneous
c.
positive ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0380002.jpgG, exergonic
d.
negative ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0380003.jpgG, endergonic
e.
ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0380004.jpgG of zero, chemical equilibrium
 

 36. 
Which of the following represents the activation energy required for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
e
 

 37. 
Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
e
 

 38. 
The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as
a.
metabolic inhibition.
b.
feedback inhibition.
c.
allosteric inhibition.
d.
noncooperative inhibition.
e.
reversible inhibition.
 

 39. 
How does a non-competitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?
a.
by binding at the active site of the enzyme
b.
by changing the structure of the enzyme
c.
by changing the free energy change of the reaction
d.
by acting as a coenzyme for the reaction
e.
by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction
 
 
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

ap_bio_chapt_8_exam_files/i0430000.jpg
 

 40. 
Which of the following statements correctly indicate(s) the role of ATP or ADP as an allosteric regulator? Assume that the supply of energy for cellular processes is adjusted to meet cellular demand for energy.
a.
ATP is an allosteric inhibitor of catabolic pathways.
b.
ADP is an allosteric activator of catabolic pathways.
c.
ATP is an allosteric activator of anabolic pathways.
d.
A and B only
e.
A, B, and C
 



 
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