Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
| 1. | Organisms that can exist with light as an energy source and an inorganic form of
carbon and other raw materials a. | are called photoautotrophs. | b. | do not exist in
nature. | c. | are called heterotrophs. | d. | are best
classified as decomposers. | e. | both C and D | | |
|
| 2. | The
early suggestion that the oxygen (O2) liberated from plants during photosynthesis comes
from water was a. | first proposed
by C.B. van Niel of Stanford University. | b. | confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18
(18O). | c. | made following the discovery of photorespiration because of
rubisco's sensitivity to oxygen. | d. | A and B | e. | A, B, and
C | | |
|
| 3. | Which
of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the
Calvin cycle? a. | CO2
and glucose | b. | H2O and O2 | c. | ADP,
Pi, and NADP+ | d. | electrons and H+ | e. | ATP and
NADPH | | |
|
| 4. | What
are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin
cycle? a. | oxygen and
carbon dioxide | b. | carbon dioxide and RuBP | c. | water and
carbon | d. | electrons and photons | e. | ATP and
NADPH | | |
|
| 5. | Where
does the Calvin cycle take place? a. | stroma of the chloroplast | b. | thylakoid
membrane | c. | cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast | d. | chlorophyll
molecule | e. | outer membrane of the chloroplast | | |
|
| 6. | A
plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What
wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment? a. | red and
yellow | b. | blue and violet | c. | green and
yellow | d. | blue, green, and red | e. | green, blue, and
violet | | |
|
|
|
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light
that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of
light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted
that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
|
| 7. | What
did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? a. | Bacteria
released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. | b. | Bacteria
congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue
light. | c. | Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the
most oxygen being released. | d. | Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these
wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. | e. | Bacteria
congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in
photosynthesis. | | |
|
| 8. | An
outcome of this experiment was to help determine a. | the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic
organisms. | b. | the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of
aerobic respiration. | c. | the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of
heat released. | d. | the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen
released during photosynthesis. | e. | the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide
and the rate of photosynthesis. | | |
|
| 9. | The
figure below shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for
photosynthesis. Why are they different?
a. | Green and yellow
wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. | b. | Bright sunlight
destroys photosynthetic pigments. | c. | Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the
absorption of light. | d. | Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll
a. | e. | Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen which changes the measurement
of the rate of photosynthesis. | | |
|
| 10. | What
wavelength of light is most effective in driving photosynthesis? a. | 420
mm | b. | 475
mm | c. | 575
mm | d. | 625
mm | e. | 730
mm | | |
|
| 11. | In
the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules? a. | split water and
release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll | b. | harvest photons
and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll | c. | synthesize ATP
from ADP and Pi | d. | transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then
NADPH | e. | concentrate photons within the stroma | | |
|
| 12. | The
reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because a. | there are 700
chlorophyll molecules in the center. | b. | this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of
700 nm. | c. | there are 700 photosystem I components to each
chloroplast. | d. | it absorbs 700 photons per
microsecond. | e. | the plastoquinone reflects light with a wavelength of 700
nm. | | |
|
| 13. | All
of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis
except a. | oxygen is
produced. | b. | NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. | c. | carbon dioxide
is incorporated into PGA. | d. | ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP. | e. | light is
absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a. | | |
|
| 14. | Which
of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are true? a. | The splitting of
water molecules provides a source of electrons. | b. | Chlorophyll (and
other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons. | c. | ATP is generated
by photophosphorylation. | d. | Only A and C are true. | e. | A, B, and C are
true. | | |
|
| 15. | All
of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except a. | extraction of
hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water. | b. | release of
oxygen. | c. | harvesting of light energy by
chlorophyll. | d. | NADP+ reductase. | e. | P680
reaction-center chlorophyll. | | |
|
| 16. | All
of the following are directly associated with photosystem I except a. | harvesting of
light energy by chlorophyll. | b. | receiving electrons from
plastocyanin. | c. | P700 reaction-center chlorophyll. | d. | extraction of
hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water. | e. | passing
electrons to ferredoxin. | | |
|
| 17. | Some
photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The
best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be a. | to determine if
they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. | b. | to test for liberation of O2 in the
light. | c. | to test for CO2 fixation in the
dark. | d. | to do experiments to generate an action
spectrum. | e. | to test for production of either sucrose or
starch. | | |
|
| 18. | What
are the products of noncyclic photophosphorylation? a. | heat and
fluorescence | b. | ATP and P700 | c. | ATP and
NADPH | d. | ADP and NADP | e. | P700 and
P680 | | |
|
| 19. | What
does cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produce? a. | ATP | b. | NADPH | c. | glucose | d. | A and B | e. | A, B, and
C | | |
|
| 20. | As a
research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour.
You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra
ATP molecules come from? a. | photosystem II | b. | photosystem
I | c. | cyclic electron
flow | d. | noncyclic
electron flow | e. | chlorophyll | | |
|
| 21. | What
does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve? a. | establishment of
a proton gradient | b. | diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid
membrane | c. | reduction of water to produce ATP
energy | d. | movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the
stroma | e. | formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and
ATP | | |
|
| 22. | Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and
then transferred in the dark to a pH-8 solution. What would be likely to happen? a. | The isolated
chloroplasts will make ATP. | b. | The Calvin cycle will be activated. | c. | Cyclic
photophosphorylation will occur. | d. | Only A and B will occur. | e. | A, B, and C will
occur. | | |
|
| 23. | In a
plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located? a. | thylakoid
membrane | b. | plasma membrane | c. | inner
mitochondrial membrane | d. | A and C | e. | A, B, and
C | | |
|
| 24. | In
mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas
in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from a. | the stroma to
the photosystem II. | b. | the matrix to the stroma. | c. | the stroma to
the thylakoid space. | d. | the intermembrane space to the
matrix. | e. | ATP synthase to NADP+
reductase. | | |
|
| 25. | Which
of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and
respiration? a. | Respiration is
the reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. | b. | Photosynthesis
stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it. | c. | Photosynthesis
occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. | d. | ATP molecules
are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. | e. | Respiration is
anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic. | | |
|
| 26. | Where
is the electron transport chain found in plant cells? a. | thylakoid
membranes of chloroplasts | b. | stroma of chloroplasts | c. | inner membrane
of mitochondria | d. | matrix of mitochondria | e. | cytoplasm | | |
|
| 27. | Of
the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? a. | thylakoid
membranes | b. | chemiosmosis | c. | ATP
synthase | d. | B and C only | e. | A, B, and
C | | |
|
|
|
Refer to the choices to answer the following questions. Each choice may be used
once, more than once, or not at all. Indicate whether the following events occur
during
A. | photosynthesis | B. | respiration | C. | both photosynthesis and respiration | D. | neither photosynthesis nor
respiration | | |
|
| 28. | synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism
|
| 29. | reduction of oxygen which forms water
|
| 30. | reduction of NADP+
|
| 31. | the
splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds
|
| 32. | generation of proton gradients across membranes
|
| 33. | Where
do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place? a. | stroma of the
chloroplast | b. | thylakoid membranes | c. | outer membrane
of the chloroplast | d. | electron transport chain | e. | thylakoid
space | | |
|
| 34. | What
is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? a. | use ATP to release carbon dioxide | b. | use NADPH to
release carbon dioxide | c. | split water and release oxygen | d. | transport RuBP
out of the chloroplast | e. | synthesize simple sugars from carbon
dioxide | | |
|
| 35. | Which
of the following is (are) required in the Calvin cycle? a. | CO2 | b. | ATP | c. | RuBP | d. | A and B only | e. | A, B, and
C | | |
|
| 36. | One
carbon dioxide molecule reacts in each "turn" of the Calvin cycle. How many turns of the
cycle are required for the synthesis of one glucose molecule?
|
|
|
For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of
photosynthesis in plants. Use the following key:
A. | light reactions alone | B. | the Calvin cycle alone | C. | both the light reactions and the Calvin
cycle | D. | neither the
light reactions nor the Calvin cycle | E. | occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of
photosynthesis | | |
|
| 37. | produces molecular oxygen (O2)
|
| 38. | requires ATP
|
| 39. | produces NADH
|
| 40. | produces NADPH
|
| 41. | produces three-carbon sugars
|
| 42. | requires CO2
|
| 43. | requires glucose
|
|
|
Use the figure below to answer the following
statements.
|
| 44. | Which
of the following statements is true concerning the figure? a. | It represents
cell processes involved in C4 photosynthesis. | b. | It represents
the type of cell structures found in CAM plants. | c. | It represents an
adaptation that minimizes photorespiration. | d. | A and C are
true. | e. | A, B, and C are true. | | |
|
| 45. | Oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions in a. | cell I
only. | b. | cell II only. | c. | neither cell I
nor cell II. | d. | both cell I and cell II. | e. | cell I during
the night and cell II during the day. | | |
|
| 46. | Why
are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? a. | They do not
participate in the Calvin cycle. | b. | They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix
CO2. | c. | They are adapted to cold, wet
climates. | d. | They conserve water more efficiently. | e. | They exclude
oxygen from their tissues. | | |
|
| 47. | CAM
plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because
they a. | fix
CO2 into organic acids during the night. | b. | fix
CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells. | c. | fix
CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells. | d. | use the enzyme
phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2. | e. | use photosystems
I and II at night. | | |
|
| 48. | In
C4 photosynthesis, carbon fixation takes place in the ____ cells, and then is transferred
as malic or aspartic acid to ____ cells, where carbon dioxide is released for entry into the Calvin
cycle. a. | mesophyll;
bundle-sheath | b. | stomatal; mesophyll | c. | bundle-sheath;
epidermal | d. | epidermal; mesophyll | e. | stomatal;
epidermal | | |
|
| 49. | Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation
of a. | carbon dioxide
molecules. | b. | 3-phosphoglycerate molecules | c. | ATP
molecules. | d. | ribulose bisphosphate molecules. | e. | RuBP carboxylase
molecules. | | |
|
| 50. | Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stomata are open
and carry out the Calvin cycle during the day when the stomata are closed are called a. | C3
plants. | b. | C4 plants. | c. | CAM
plants. | d. | B and C only. | e. | A, B, and
C | | |
|