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AP Biology  Chapter 10 Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Organisms that can exist with light as an energy source and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials
a.
are called photoautotrophs.
b.
do not exist in nature.
c.
are called heterotrophs.
d.
are best classified as decomposers.
e.
both C and D
 

 2. 

The early suggestion that the oxygen (O2) liberated from plants during photosynthesis comes from water was
a.
first proposed by C.B. van Niel of Stanford University.
b.
confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18 (18O).
c.
made following the discovery of photorespiration because of rubisco's sensitivity to oxygen.
d.
A and B
e.
A, B, and C
 

 3. 

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
a.
CO2 and glucose
b.
H2O and O2
c.
ADP, Pi, and NADP+
d.
electrons and H+
e.
ATP and NADPH
 

 4. 

What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?
a.
oxygen and carbon dioxide
b.
carbon dioxide and RuBP
c.
water and carbon
d.
electrons and photons
e.
ATP and NADPH
 

 5. 

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a.
stroma of the chloroplast
b.
thylakoid membrane
c.
cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
d.
chlorophyll molecule
e.
outer membrane of the chloroplast
 

 6. 

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
a.
red and yellow
b.
blue and violet
c.
green and yellow
d.
blue, green, and red
e.
green, blue, and violet
 
 
Use the following information to answer the questions below.

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
 

 7. 

What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?
a.
Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas.
b.
Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light.
c.
Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.
d.
Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.
e.
Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.
 

 8. 

An outcome of this experiment was to help determine
a.
the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms.
b.
the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration.
c.
the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released.
d.
the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during photosynthesis.
e.
the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.
 

 9. 

The figure below shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

ch_10_photosynthesi_files/i0110000.jpg
a.
Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths.
b.
Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments.
c.
Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light.
d.
Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.
e.
Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis.
 

 10. 

What wavelength of light is most effective in driving photosynthesis?
a.
420 mm
b.
475 mm
c.
575 mm
d.
625 mm
e.
730 mm
 

 11. 

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?
a.
split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll
b.
harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
c.
synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
d.
transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH
e.
concentrate photons within the stroma
 

 12. 

The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because
a.
there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center.
b.
this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm.
c.
there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast.
d.
it absorbs 700 photons per microsecond.
e.
the plastoquinone reflects light with a wavelength of 700 nm.
 

 13. 

All of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis except
a.
oxygen is produced.
b.
NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.
c.
carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.
d.
ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP.
e.
light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.
 

 14. 

Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are true?
a.
The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
b.
Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons.
c.
ATP is generated by photophosphorylation.
d.
Only A and C are true.
e.
A, B, and C are true.
 

 15. 

All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except
a.
extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water.
b.
release of oxygen.
c.
harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll.
d.
NADP+ reductase.
e.
P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
 

 16. 

All of the following are directly associated with photosystem I except
a.
harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll.
b.
receiving electrons from plastocyanin.
c.
P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.
d.
extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water.
e.
passing electrons to ferredoxin.
 

 17. 

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
a.
to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts.
b.
to test for liberation of O2 in the light.
c.
to test for CO2 fixation in the dark.
d.
to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.
e.
to test for production of either sucrose or starch.
 

 18. 

What are the products of noncyclic photophosphorylation?
a.
heat and fluorescence
b.
ATP and P700
c.
ATP and NADPH
d.
ADP and NADP
e.
P700 and P680
 

 19. 

What does cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produce?
a.
ATP
b.
NADPH
c.
glucose
d.
A and B
e.
A, B, and C
 

 20. 

As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?
a.
photosystem II
b.
photosystem I
c.
cyclic electron flow
d.
noncyclic electron flow
e.
chlorophyll
 

 21. 

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
a.
establishment of a proton gradient
b.
diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane
c.
reduction of water to produce ATP energy
d.
movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma
e.
formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP
 

 22. 

Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH-8 solution. What would be likely to happen?
a.
The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP.
b.
The Calvin cycle will be activated.
c.
Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur.
d.
Only A and B will occur.
e.
A, B, and C will occur.
 

 23. 

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
a.
thylakoid membrane
b.
plasma membrane
c.
inner mitochondrial membrane
d.
A and C
e.
A, B, and C
 

 24. 

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from
a.
the stroma to the photosystem II.
b.
the matrix to the stroma.
c.
the stroma to the thylakoid space.
d.
the intermembrane space to the matrix.
e.
ATP synthase to NADP+ reductase.
 

 25. 

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
a.
Respiration is the reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis.
b.
Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
c.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
d.
ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration.
e.
Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.
 

 26. 

Where is the electron transport chain found in plant cells?
a.
thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
b.
stroma of chloroplasts
c.
inner membrane of mitochondria
d.
matrix of mitochondria
e.
cytoplasm
 

 27. 

Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
a.
thylakoid membranes
b.
chemiosmosis
c.
ATP synthase
d.
B and C only
e.
A, B, and C
 
 
Refer to the choices to answer the following questions. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Indicate whether the following events occur during

A.
photosynthesis
B.
respiration
C.
both photosynthesis and respiration
D.
neither photosynthesis nor respiration
 

 28. 

synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 29. 

reduction of oxygen which forms water
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 30. 

reduction of NADP+
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 31. 

the splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 32. 

generation of proton gradients across membranes
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 33. 

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?
a.
stroma of the chloroplast
b.
thylakoid membranes
c.
outer membrane of the chloroplast
d.
electron transport chain
e.
thylakoid space
 

 34. 

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
a.
use ATP to release carbon dioxide
b.
use NADPH to release carbon dioxide
c.
split water and release oxygen
d.
transport RuBP out of the chloroplast
e.
synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide
 

 35. 

Which of the following is (are) required in the Calvin cycle?
a.
CO2
b.
ATP
c.
RuBP
d.
A and B only
e.
A, B, and C
 

 36. 

One carbon dioxide molecule reacts in each "turn" of the Calvin cycle. How many turns of the cycle are required for the synthesis of one glucose molecule?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
6
e.
12
 
 
For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants. Use the following key:

A.
light reactions alone
B.
the Calvin cycle alone
C.
both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D.
neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
E.
occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis
 

 37. 

produces molecular oxygen (O2)
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 38. 

requires ATP
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 39. 

produces NADH
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 40. 

produces NADPH
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 41. 

produces three-carbon sugars
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 42. 

requires CO2
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 43. 

requires glucose
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 
 
Use the figure below to answer the following statements.

ch_10_photosynthesi_files/i0480000.jpg
 

 44. 

Which of the following statements is true concerning the figure?
a.
It represents cell processes involved in C4 photosynthesis.
b.
It represents the type of cell structures found in CAM plants.
c.
It represents an adaptation that minimizes photorespiration.
d.
A and C are true.
e.
A, B, and C are true.
 

 45. 

Oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions in
a.
cell I only.
b.
cell II only.
c.
neither cell I nor cell II.
d.
both cell I and cell II.
e.
cell I during the night and cell II during the day.
 

 46. 

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
a.
They do not participate in the Calvin cycle.
b.
They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2.
c.
They are adapted to cold, wet climates.
d.
They conserve water more efficiently.
e.
They exclude oxygen from their tissues.
 

 47. 

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
a.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.
b.
fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells.
c.
fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells.
d.
use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2.
e.
use photosystems I and II at night.
 

 48. 

In C4 photosynthesis, carbon fixation takes place in the ____ cells, and then is transferred as malic or aspartic acid to ____ cells, where carbon dioxide is released for entry into the Calvin cycle.
a.
mesophyll; bundle-sheath
b.
stomatal; mesophyll
c.
bundle-sheath; epidermal
d.
epidermal; mesophyll
e.
stomatal; epidermal
 

 49. 

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of
a.
carbon dioxide molecules.
b.
3-phosphoglycerate molecules
c.
ATP molecules.
d.
ribulose bisphosphate molecules.
e.
RuBP carboxylase molecules.
 

 50. 

Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stomata are open and carry out the Calvin cycle during the day when the stomata are closed are called
a.
C3 plants.
b.
C4 plants.
c.
CAM plants.
d.
B and C only.
e.
A, B, and C
 



 
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